Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

View Vol. 15 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

JFI Online Volume 15 Nomor 1, Januari 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v15i1
Published: 20-01-2023

Articles

  • Kajian Sistematis tentang Peptida Parenteral: Instabilitas, Mekanisme Degradasi, dan Strategi Formulasinya

    Primawan Putra Nugrahadi, Christina Avanti
    1-10
    Abstract: 366 | PDF 1-10 (Bahasa Indonesia): 448

    Abstract

    Abstract: The trend of using peptides, short chains of amino acids, as therapeutic agents has been increasing in recent decades. Therapeutic peptides usually use the parenteral route as systemic delivery system, requiring an aqueous formulation. However, in aqueous formulation, peptides are often unstable. The most stable form of therapeutic peptide is a lyophilized powder. Unfortunately, for tropical and developing countries such as Indonesia, as well as from pharmaco-economic point of view, if stable, peptide formulations in aqueous solution are preferred. This systematic literature review provides the various degradation pathways potentially experienced by therapeutic peptides available in Indonesia in aqueous solution. Then present various known strategies to prevent peptide degradation based on recent research. Article were searched on the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar databases. Search results with keywords: therapeutic peptide OR peptide drug AND stability OR stabilization AND degradation OR degradation pathway found 20 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that aggregation is the most common degradation pathway, followed by deamidation, hydrolysis, β-elimination, and disulphide exchange. The main strategies to improve peptide stability in solution are buffer selection and/or pH adjustment, addition of antioxidants/preservatives, combination of buffer with divalent metal ions, avoiding light exposure, and storage in cold temperature.

  • Analisa Faktor Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan Resep di Rumah Sakit Pekanbaru Medical Center

    Adrian Mulya, Ennimay Ennimay, Yesica Devis
    11-22
    Abstract: 709 | PDF 11-22 (Bahasa Indonesia): 924

    Abstract

    Abstract: The results of the Walk Through Audit (WTA) BPJS stated that the waiting time for talking out the drugs at the Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital was one of the factors for the lateness of services to patients. After conducting a preliminary study, the data was found that the waiting time for taking out the drugs was over than minimum value of Standard Service. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affected the waiting time for outpatient prescription drug services at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital. This study used a combination method (Mixed-Methods Sequential Explanatory Design), namely by combining quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. From 70 samples obtained quantitative research data for type of patient, type of prescription, number of items in prescription, number of prescriptions in shifts and number of prescriptions based on drug availability which were  not factors that affected the waiting time for outpatient drug prescription services, this was based on the test All Chi-Square values ​​> 0.05, this meant that Ho was rejected or in other words it was not proved related to the waiting time of service. On the other hand the qualitative research with in-depth interviews and observations resulted in insufficient number of human resources, lack of human resource competence, unclear service process flow, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, especially the Sim-PEC network system and pharmacy installation room layout which haven’t fulfilled the standard caused the lateness of services or the length duration of waiting time for outpatient drug service became longer.

  • Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Kejadian Peningkatan Kadar Enzim Transaminase pada Pasien Covid-19 dengan Terapi Tocilizumab

    Izza Aulia Rizqika Nasution, Retnosari Andrajati, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, Rania Imaniar
    23-28
    Abstract: 310 | PDF 23-28 (Bahasa Indonesia): 361

    Abstract

    Abstract: Tocilizumab is an anti-IL-6 which is recommended as cytokine release syndrome therapy in the treatment of Covid-19. One of the side effects of tocilizumab that can occur is hepatotoxicity, from mild elevated transaminases to severe drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Currently, research related to tocilizumab hepatotoxicity and the risk factors affecting Covid-19 patients is limited and still needs to conduct. This research is an observational study with cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out retrospectively using secondary data obtained from medical records department, patients with Covid-19 at Universitas Indonesia Hospital in 2020-2021. Patients confirmed with positive Covid-19 receiving Tocilizumab therapy in medical record were included in this study. Patient demographics, clinical diagnoses, laboratory examinations, history of others medication were also reviewed. Patients with less than 18 years old, incomplete medical record data, and referred to other hospitals were excluded. The sampling technique used was total sampling, namely all patients who met the inclusion criteria were taken as subject in this research. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between each risk factors and the incidence of elevated transaminases. The results of Chi-square test showed that several risk factors significantly increased the incidence of elevated transaminases in patients given tocilizumab therapy, including age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and ceftriaxone as antibiotic therapy.

  • Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Karamuntin (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans

    Dewi Alfisyah Ramadhanty, Yulianita Pratiwi Indah Lestari, Siti Nashihah
    29-42
    Abstract: 552 | PDF 29-42 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1045

    Abstract

    Abstract: Indonesia has many medicinal plants that can used to treat various diseases. One of the plants is the leaves of karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.). Traditionally, karamunting leaves are used as a treatment in dental caries, wound care, and scabies. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of karamunting leaves ethanol extract against Streptococcus mutans by the well method. The design of this study was experimental laboratory research. The sample was karamunting leaves ethanol extract. The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using the well method with a concentration of 6,25%; 12,5%; 25%; and 50% w/v. The result showed karamunting leaves ethanol extract provided an antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans with an inhibition zone diameters of 17,7±0,0577; 22,6±0,2516; 25,3±0,1527; and 28,3±0,0577 mm. at the concentration of 6,25% w/v, 12,5% w/v, 25% w/v, and 50% w/v, respectively. karamunting leaves ethanol extract had significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans at the concentration 50% w/v with inhibition zone diameters of 28,3 mm.

  • Potensi Penghambatan Enzim Αlfa-Glukosidase dan Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (TTGO) Ektrak Daun Dadap Serep (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk) Merr.)

    Elis Susilawati, Ayu Dwi Astuti, Agus Sulaeman
    43-49
    Abstract: 352 | PDF 43-49 (Bahasa Indonesia): 565

    Abstract

    Abstract: Spare dadap plants contain flavonoids that can potentially lower glucose levels in the blood and reduce glucose absorption in the intestine. The purpose of the study was to determine the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme and the effect of giving Spare Dadap Leaf Ethanol Extract (EEDDS) on blood glucose levels of male white Wistar rats and its effective dose. The research method used the in vitro method with inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme and the in vivo method Glucose Tolerance Test (TTGO) with amylum manihot induction using 25 rats divided into 5 groups with EEDDS doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg / kg BB, then measured blood glucose levels for 120 minutes. The results of the EEDDS α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition study showed the best % inhibition value of 41.81% at 100 ppm and the lowest % inhibition value at 10 ppm, which was 13.33% with an IC50 value of 146.30 ppm, which was included in the weak category in inhibiting α-glucosidase. The results of TTGO research induced amylum manihot, EEDDS 400 mg / KgBW have a significant effect on reducing blood glucose levels in the T60 to T120 range. The conclusion in this study is that spare dadap leaf ethanol extract has potential as an antihyperglycemic both in vitro and in vivo.

  • Pengaruh Home Visit terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Apotek Palasari Sumedang

    Ahmad Azrul Zuniarto, Subagja Subagja, Sarah Nurhasanah, Retno T Sundari, Siti Pandanwangi
    50-58
    Abstract: 264 | PDF 50-58 (Bahasa Indonesia): 507

    Abstract

    Abstract: In the context of service of pharmaceutical at pharmacy, patients satisfaction is a pleasure feeling appearing in someone’s body after getting service taken directly. The analysis of customer’s satisfaction is based on five dimensions of service quality, which are among others responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy, and tangible. The purpose of the research was to find out the influence of home visit activity toward the customer’s satisfaction at Palasari pharmacy Sumedang and the satisfaction level of customer’s satisfaction before and after the home visit activity. This research was a quantitative one where the independent variable was home visit whereas the dependent variable was the customer’s satisfaction at Palasari pharmacy Sumedang. The technic of sample taking was total sampling. The samples used in the research were 34 respondents, they were the PRB patients from Palasari pharmacy at Ganeas district who never take the medicine regularly. The research instruments used in the research was questionnaire of customer’s satisfaction. The results of the study with a questionnaire on the level of consumer satisfaction at Palasari Sumedang Pharmacy before the home visit and after the home visit experienced an increase in percentage results from 75.4% to 81.5% and a simple linear regression test showed that there was an effect of home visits on satisfaction consumer Pharmacy Palasari Sumedang with a value sig. 0.000. Results study show that Home visits are influential to satisfaction consumer Pharmacy Palasari Sumedang with level satisfaction consumers 75.4 % increase to 81.5%.

  • Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Penggunaan Obat pada Mahasiswa di Jember

    Ema Rachmawati, Amelia Windi Astutik, Antonius Nugraha Widhi Pratama
    59-66
    Abstract: 462 | PDF 59-66 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1383

    Abstract

    Abstract: The ease of accessing information about medicines has an impact on increasing the practice of self-medication in the community. However, there are still many irrational self-medication practices, including inappropriate drug selection, not being aware of side effects, or the use of antibiotics for self-medication. Students are a group of people with a higher education level who cannot be separated from the use of medicines for self-medication of the disease they are experiencing. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of drug use among students in Jember and the factors that influence it. This study was a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire conducted online in April-May 2020. The research respondents were undergraduate students (diploma and strata-1 students) at several universities in Jember. A total of 544 students became respondents in this study. The majority of respondents (344; 63.2%) had "enough" knowledge with an average knowledge value of 5.02 ± 1.71. The attitude of the majority of respondents (353; 64.9%) towards the use of drugs is included in the "enough" category with an average attitude value of 12.74 ± 1.19. The results of the Chi-square test show that the majors taken in university studies are related to knowledge but do not affect attitudes toward the use of medicines. Education about the medication use needs to be improved to increase the correct use of medicines in the practice of self-medication in the community.

  • Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun, Bunga, dan Tangkai Sirih Hutan (Piper aduncum L.)

    Ria Mariani, Farid Perdana, Revi Widiana
    67-71
    Abstract: 549 | PDF 67-71 (Bahasa Indonesia): 944

    Abstract

    Abstract: Forest Betel (Piper aduncum L.) belongs to the genus Piper. Many researches on antioxidants of various genera of Piper have been carried out such as Piper crocatum and Piper betle, but research on antioxidants in forest betel is still very limited. Natural antioxidants can be used to reduce free radicals in an effort to prevent degenerative diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of flowers, leaves and stalks of forest betel and the group of compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) with UV-Vis spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antioxidant activity test results using UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that forest betel leaf extract had 47.252 µg/ml as an IC50 value, forest betel flower extract had 49,756 µg /ml as an IC50 value and forest betel stalk extract had 48.674 µg/ml as an IC50 value.. While vitamin C as a comparison has 5.223 µg/ml as an IC50 value. From the TLC results showed that the compounds suspected of providing antioxidant activity in the flower and stalk extracts were flavonoid compounds because they had the same Rf values, which 0.35; 0.53; 0.66 on the plates that had been sprayed with DPPH and sitroborate. Extracts of leaves, flowers and stalks of forest betel have antioxidant activity with IC50 of 47.252; 49.756 and 48.674 µg/ml respectively and suspected the presence of flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the antioxidant activities of flower and stalk extract.

  • Brine Shrimp Lethality, Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kadar Total Fitokimia dari Ekstrak Etanol Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius)

    Nurshalati Tahar, Fais Satrianegara, Rusmadi Rukmana, Nursalam Hamzah, Sitti Rukmana, Fitria Alwi, Abdul Roni, Mukhriani Mukhriani
    72-78
    Abstract: 483 | PDF 72-78 (Bahasa Indonesia): 569

    Abstract

    bstract: Kasumba turate had been used extensively in the treatment of varicella, but studies of safety, efficacy, and quality are incomplete. The objectives of these studies were to determine brine shrimp lethality, antioxidant activities and phytochemical contents of safflower ethanolic extract. The studies began with extraction, which soaked simplicia in 70% ethanol. Dried extract was determined for toxicity used brine shrimp lethality method. Although, antioxidant activities were measured by three methods, i.e., free radical scavenging (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The phytochemicals total contents that measured were phenols, flavonoids and carotenoids. Based on studies result, rendemen extraction was 14.7%. The lethality level for brine shrimp was 109.64 ± 5.29 mg/L. The free radical scavenging, cupric reducing, and ferric reducing antioxidant activities were 35.40 ± 1.62 mg/L, 12.42 ± 0.95 mg/L and 36.47 ± 2.79 mg/L. Although, the phenol, flavonoid and carotenoid contents per gram were 135.40 ± 0.12 g gallic acid equivalent, 124.54 ± 3.38 mg quercetin equivalent and 27.25 ± 0.83 mg β-carotene equivalent. Based on these data, the ethanol extract of kasumba turate has high phytochemical and antioxidant potential and low toxicity.

  • Korelasi antara Keyakinan Masyarakat terhadap Vaksinasi Covid-19 dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pelayanan Vaksinasi Covid-19

    Lina Aliyani Mardiana, Rasiman Julianto, Ika Oktaviyanti Lutfah
    79-85
    Abstract: 185 | PDF 79-85 (Bahasa Indonesia): 328

    Abstract

    Abstract: Vaccination is a way of preventing various kinds of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or other germs, where people who have been vaccinated become good, protected, not exposed or only experience mild illness when the disease outbreak occurs, as was the case some time ago when there was an outbreak the Covid-19 pandemic, the world community and also the Indonesian people carry out the Covid-19 vaccination simultaneously. Confidence in the success of vaccination encourages people to voluntarily do it and the quality of vaccination services should be in accordance with community expectations. This study aims to determine the correlation between public belief in the Covid-19 vaccination and the level of satisfaction with the Covid-19 vaccination service. This research is a quantitative research using cross sectional method. A sample of 360 people was obtained by distributing online and offline questionnaires. Shows that there is no correlation between public confidence in the Covid-19 vaccination and the level of satisfaction with the Covid-19 vaccination service, the p-value > 0.05 which means Ho is accepted or there is no significant relationship between public belief and service quality. There is no correlation between public confidence in the Covid-19 vaccination and the quality of the Covid-19 vaccination service.

  • Profil Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Balita Penderita ISPA di Puskesmas Koya Barat Periode Januari-Desember 2020

    Elsye Gunawan, Rusnaeni Rusnaeni, Silva Dewi Febrianty
    86-93
    Abstract: 932 | PDF 86-93 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1316

    Abstract

    Abstract: Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) is the most common infection in humans at all ages. Children and toddlers are the most susceptible to ARTI. Prevalence of ARTI among toddler in Papua is 11.91%, in Jayapura district (10.23%) and Jayapura City (10.95%). This study aimed to determine the profile of antibiotics usage that given to toddler patients with ARTI on January-December 2020 at Koya Barat Public Health Center. The study design was retrospective of 155 prescriptions for toddler patients with ARTI that qualified the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel software and presented in percentages (%) based on patient characteristics, and the level of antibiotic use was calculated. The results showed that male toddler was dominantly affected by ARTI, namely 87 patients (56,13%), age 0-30 months were 87 patients (56,13%), the type of antibiotic amoxicillin syrup used were 57 patients (74,03%). Overall used of antibiotics in toddler with ARTI at Koya Barat Public Health Center during January-December 2020 was 49,68%. Toddler with ARTI without comorbidities were 86,59%, and with comorbidities such as diarrhea, malaria, blepharitis, and pyoderma were 13.41%.

  • Pengaruh Variasi Bahan: Pelarut dan Lama Ekstraksi Ultrasonik dari Ekstrak Daun Kelor terhadap Rendemen dan Kadar Total Fenol

    Via Rifkia, Rika Revina
    94-100
    Abstract: 631 | PDF 94-100 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1886

    Abstract

    Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) is a plant that has a wide range of health benefits. The benefits of Moringa can be obtained from the leaf part. One of the compounds that are in Moringa leaves and have benefits is phenol compounds. Phenol compounds were tested from Moringa leaf extract obtained using the ultrasonic method. The ultrasonic method is an extraction method that can produce extracts effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in material concentration: solvent (1:10, 1:15, and 1:20) and extraction duration (10, 20, and 30 minutes) on the yield value and total phenol content of Moringa leaf extract. The extract obtained is then weighed and calculated the yield value. After that, Moringa leaf extract was tested for phytochemical screening and total phenol level test. Based on the results of the study, it showed that the highest amendment value of Moringa leaf extract was obtained from the ratio of ingredients: solvent 1:20 b / v with an extraction time of 30 minutes, which was 35.89%. Then the highest total phenol content results were obtained from moringa leaf ethanol extract at the ratio of ingredients: solvent 1:20 b / v with an extraction time of 30 minutes, which was 25,9 GAE/g.