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PUBLISHER
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Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
JFI Online Volume 17 Nomor 1, Januari 2025
Published:
31-01-2025
Articles
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Optimization of Obtaining and Characterization of Mucilago Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (MHR) Powder as Tablet Binder
Abstract: 26
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PDF 1-8 (Bahasa Indonesia): 22
Abstract
This study aims to optimize the yield of MHR powder because the research conducted by Shah and Patel in 2010 was still very small, namely around 8%. Optimization was carried out by varying the soaking and heating times and then characterizing the MHR powder to test whether the MHR powder was a good candidate as a tablet binder. Characterization tests performed were organoleptic tests, particle size distribution, polysaccharide identification, swelling ratio, solubility, flow properties, viscosity, and water content. The most optimal MHR powder recovery was 1 hour of soaking time and 6 hours of heating time with a yield of 11.50 ± 1.40%. The results of the characterization of the MHR powder included: organoleptic test of the MHR powder was light brown, had a distinctive herbal odor and was tasteless, the particle size distribution test was in the range of 100-400 microns with the highest percentage of particles in the size of 186 μm, the swelling ratio was at 23 .47 ± 0.41, positive polysaccharide identification test, solubility was at 0.000426 ± 0.000034, viscosity was at 4520 ± 1224.42. Broadly speaking, MHR powder is a potential candidate as a tablet binder, that was proved from tablet formulation using MHR powder as binder resulted hardness, friability and disintegration time as well as formulation that using Avicel PH102 as binder.
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Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Method of Passion Fruit Seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) on Antioxidant Activity
Abstract: 4
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PDF 9-14 (Bahasa Indonesia): 2
Abstract
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) is a trailing plant of non-native origin, belonging to the genus Passiflora. The utilisation of purple passion fruit seeds (Passiflora edulis Sims) has been extensively documented in traditional medicine. These seeds have been employed in various therapeutic applications, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and hypotensive properties. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the potential for enhancing the antioxidant activity of passion fruit seed oil (Passiflora edulis Sims) through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging method. The extraction method used was Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) utilising n-Hexane as a solvent, with variations in temperature and time. The results obtained for passion fruit seed oil at low temperature (20°C) revealed an IC50 of 14.58 µg/mL after 10 minutes and 7.144 µg/mL after 20 minutes. At medium-low temperature (36°C), the IC50 was 4.67 µg/mL after 10 minutes and 2.68 µg/mL after 20 minutes. At medium temperature (95°C), the IC50 was 4.46 µg/mL after 10 minutes and 2.26 µg/mL after 20 minutes.
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Analysis of Student Ability Perception with Independent Assessment in Pharmacist Professional Work Practice Learning at the Pharmacy Installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital
Abstract: 15
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PDF 15-22 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1
Abstract
Pharmacist Professional Work Practice (PKPA) provides a learning process for students to gain basic skills in pharmaceutical services. Student perceptions are important to be involved in the development of the PKPA curriculum at the Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Pharmacy Department. The purpose of the study was to determine the basic abilities of students in pharmaceutical services during the PKPA process. Perceptions were assessed by self-assessment in the form of a questionnaire containing 7 questions, namely the ability to reconcile drugs, need for drug, selection of drug, analyze Drug Related Problems (DRP), provision of drug product, medicines information and patient education, and Monitoring Drug Therapy (PTO) before starting PKPA (Pre) and after PKPA ended (Post) in 76 students. Students' perceptions of self-assessment provide results in the category of exceeding expectations (index 86.2%), but several abilities are the top priority for improvement, namely need for drug, medicines information and patient education. Based on this, it can be concluded that students have the perception of having overall pharmaceutical service skills but further assessment needs to be done to test the suitability of perceptions with the abilities possessed by students.
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Antibacterial Effectiveness of Red Betel Leaf Extract Cream (Piper crocatum) Against Several Bacteria
Abstract: 0
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PDF 23-35 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
The prevalence of infectious diseases is increasing in developing countries such as Indonesia, and they have become a health problem. One infectious disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria is necrotizing fasciitis. The subcutaneous tissues and fascia necrosis characterize necrotizing fasciitis. Antibiotic therapy is one way to prevent the growth and development of bacteria, but continuous use can cause resistance to bacteria. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of red betel leaf extract in cream preparations against the growth activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria using the ditch plate method. Red betel leaves were extracted using the UAE method (temperature 600 C for 15 minutes), then made into a cream dosage form with a formulation of 20% extract concentration (F1), 40% extract concentration (F2), and 80% extract concentration (F3) then tested evaluation of cream preparations and antibacterial activity test using the ditch plate method. The extraction of red betel leaves used the UAE method in concentrations of 20%(F1), concentrations of 40%(F2), and concentrations of 80% (F3) in cream preparation form. The cream was evaluated, and antibacterial activity was tested using the ditch plate method. The red betel leaf extract cream inhibits Staphylococcus aureus growth by the ditch plate method but does not have antibacterial activity on Escherichia coli.
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Antibacterial Activity of Grape Seed Oil against Staphylococcus epidermidis in Cream Preparation
Abstract: 0
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PDF 36-44 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
Grape seeds contain 75% unsaturated fats namely linoleic acid and vitamin E which contributes to its resistance to oxidation and is often chosen for use in the cosmetic, culinary, pharmaceutical, and health fields. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of grape seed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in cream preparations. The research was carried out through several stages, namely organoleptic examination of grape seed oil, making grape seed oil cream formula and its evaluation, testing antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. Anti-acne cream preparations containing grape seed oil are made in 4 formulas, namely F0 (without grape seed oil), F1 (24%), F2 (30%), F3 (36%). All formulations during storage do not change shape, smell, and colour and homogeneity whereas pH and viscosity change during storage. The formulation of grape seed oil cream forms a stable cream from the results of freeze and thaw, showing no changes in globule size with globules <50μm. Based on the results of the antibacterial activity test, the best formula is F3, its provides the greatest inhibition against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Grape seed oil in cream preparations can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
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Development Of Pyridazinone Derivatives Antioxidant/Antidiabetes As Promising Drugs For The Treatment Of Diabetic: A Review
Abstract: 0
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PDF 45-66 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
Hyperglycemia can induce oxidative stress that can develop towards the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Treatment strategies usually use antidiabetic and antioxidant drugs to help manage diabetes in patients. The discovery of drugs with dual activity properties will work on two targets at once and can minimize side effects. This review analyzes the potential for developing new antidiabetic and antioxidant agents from pyridazinone derivative compounds. The literature review study methodology uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) technique. Electronic database searches were conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to obtain relevant literature until 2024. The inclusion criteria were pyridazinone derivatives as antidiabetics and antioxidants using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tests. A total of 24 original research journals have been described for the discussion of this review. The review results found that pyridazinone derivatives have the potential as α-Glucosidase inhibitors, antihyperglycemic, and aldose reductase inhibitors with moderate-strong activity levels. Several studies have also found that pyridazinone derivatives are antioxidants. These results are supported by the prediction through molecular docking approach studies. However, only two studies have reported pyridazinone derivatives that have antidiabetic and antioxidant properties at the same time. There is a connection between the active groups bound to the pyridazinone ring and the strength of its pharmacological effects. This review opens up opportunities for the potential development of pyridazinone derivatives with dual bioactivity. In addition, broader and deeper research with structural modification of pyridazinone derivatives as candidate therapeutic agents for diabetes patients needs to be continued.
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Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Dimethoxy Substituted 2'-Hydroxychalcone and Flavonol as Inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 Serine Protease Complex of Dengue Virus 2 (DENV-2)
Abstract: 0
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PDF 67-81 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
Exploration of the potential compounds as dengue antivirals is one of the efforts that must be considered, because no specific therapy has been found with antiviral drugs that is effective in treating dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients. The aim of this study is to synthesize and explore the potential of the (E)-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (compound 1) and 2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (compound 2) as inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 serine protease complex of DENV-2. Synthesis of compounds 1 and 2 was carried out by stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The structures of the two synthesized compounds have been confirmed through UV-Vis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses. Molecular docking was performed using NS2B-NS3 complex (PDB ID: 2FOM) as a receptor. Compounds 1 and 2 were obtained in 21.11% and 66.84% yield, respectively. Based on the molecular docking studies, compounds 2 exhibited more negative binding free energy than compound 1 and panduratin A as a reference inhibitor. Compound 2 was observed to bind to the catalytic triad of NS2B-NS3 complex (His51, Asp75, Ser135) and form hydrogen bond with Gly153. Based on the results, it can be concluded that compounds 1 and 2 can be synthesized by stirring method and the compound 2 showed good potency to be developed as inhibitors of the NS2B-NS3 serine protease complex of DENV-2.
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Implementation of Lean Hospital in Reducing Waiting Time for Outpatients' Medication at the Pharmacy Installation of Dr. Saiful Anwar Regional Hospital (RSSA) East Java
Abstract: 0
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PDF 82-92 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
The minimum service standards (MSS) for drug service- waiting time (26,16%) has not been achieved and the low usage of free delivery services (RAOS SAE) led Pharmacy Department to improve the services with lean hospital management approach. This research aimed to shorten the drug service waiting time at JKN outpatient pharmacy unit with lean hospital management concept. This research was designed with Participation action research (PAR) approach. The data obtained through observations and interviews, analyzed by comparing the waiting time of prescription screening and drug service time with independent t-test comparison. There were 4 wastes resolved out of 8 wastes that successfully identified, They were; flow of personnel and prescriptions which did not match the process (motion and transportation), The time for prescriptions screening (waiting) is too long, and the officer could not do the job effectively because of the slowness of online system. (Non Uti talent). The result of implementation decreased the waiting time of prescription screening from 73 minutes to 61 minutes, and the mean of drug service waiting time decreased from 101 minutes to 63 minutes. Comparing the data before and after lean management application for prescription screening waiting time did not statistically different p>0,05 (p=0,057), this activity increased the usage of RAOS SAE, reducing the number of overtime officer at JKN outpatient pharmacy unit. The implementation of lean hospital management reduced drug service waiting time, even though unachieved the MSS yet. There were external factors that could not be controlled causing insignificant decreases. Several improvements need to be done to achieve the established standards.
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Development of Indonesian Questionnaire for Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Self-medication in Adults with Cough
Abstract: 1
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PDF 93-105 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
Cough is a symptom that people often treat with self-medication. Self-medication practice can be formed from knowledge and attitudes. The development of this instrument aimed to obtain a valid and reliable Indonesian language questionnaire to measure the level and relationship of knowledge, attitudes, and cough self-medication practice in adult patients. The questionnaire was prepared based on literature studies and developed by the Dagusibu concept and cough management. Three pharmacists from academia and the community became validators in the face and content validation test. Construct validation and reliability tests were obtained from 30 adult respondents who had carried out cough self-medication in Jabodetabek. Content validation was carried out in 2 stages. The results of the first stage test had an S-CVI score of 0.93, with 26 questions having an I-CVI value <0.79, so stage 2 validation was carried out, which met the I-CVI and S-CVI scores. The total number of questions from content validation was 143, divided into 6 parts. The final questionnaire had 137 questions consisting of sections A-B (8 questions) for personal and sociodemographic data; part C (30 questions) related to self-medication profile; part D (36 questions) about knowledge with a 3-point Guttman scale; part E (30 questions) related to attitudes with a 5-point Likert scale; and part F (33 questions) about behavior with a 2-point Guttman scale. The final questionnaire met the criteria of validity and reliability and could be filled in independently by respondents in Indonesia.
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Analysis of Drug Availability Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Bali Mandara Provincial General Hospital
Abstract: 1
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PDF 106-115 (Bahasa Indonesia): 0
Abstract
The availability of drugs needs to be guaranteed to meet the needs of patients both in terms of quantity and type. This can be realized if drug management in the hospital is carried out effectively and efficiently. Factors that influence this include the suitability of planning methods, drug procurement, availability of e-catalog, good human resource competence, and budget adequacy. The challenges in the COVID-19 pandemic situation in 2020 are activity restrictions that affect the distribution of drugs and raw materials while the demand for drugs increases. This study aims to analyze the level of drug availability before the pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Bali Mandara Provincial General Hospital. This study was conducted from September to December 2023 using a quantitative approach. Data were collected retrospectively using stocks, and drug procurement from 2019 to 2022. The results showed no incidents of poor drug stocks in 2019-2022. However, there was an increase in the percentage of safe category for the needs of 12-18 months from 2019 to 2022 by 42.5%, 44.4%, 69.1%, and 65.7%, respectively. There are still excessive stocks above 18 months although the percentage is decreasing at 37.9%, 26.2%, 21.6%, and 28.8%, respectively. The decrease in drug items with availability levels of more than 60 months was 15.7%, 8.6%, 7.0%, and 4.1%, respectively. There were expired drugs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic but the value of expired items decreased from Rp. 370,221,269.27 in 2019 to Rp.93,787,747.28 in 2022. Conclusion: The Hospital Pharmacy Department can fulfill the need for drugs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicated by no incidents of drug shortages. However, it is necessary to manage drugs more efficiently, because there are still drugs without use in a year and expired drugs, although the percentage has decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
