Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

View Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

JFI 12-2

JFI Online Volume 12 Nomor 2, Desember 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v12i2
Published: 31-07-2020

Articles

  • Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak dan Fraksi dari Akar dan Batang Tumbuhan Sekunyit (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour)

    Rahayu Utami, Dwi Winarsih, Armon Fernando, Haiyul Fadhli, Mustika Furi, Emma Susanti
    105-114
    Abstract: 415 | PDF 105-114 (Bahasa Indonesia): 407

    Abstract

    Sekunyit (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) is plant species that has been using widely as traditional medicine such as a cure for diarrhea. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of extract and fractions of its root and stem against bacteria that cause diarrhea. The sample of root and stem were macerated with ethanol and then followed by ultrasonication process for 30 minutes. Fractionation process was performed by acid-base method using three different solvents which were n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol. The extract and fractions were tested for its antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method at tested concentrations of 30; 15; 7.5; 3.75 and 1.88%. The result showed that the ethanol extract, n-hexane, chloroform A and chloroform B fractions of the root and stem provided antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria with weak to medium activity. Whereas the n-butanol fraction did not give any activity, either to Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus as well as Vibrio cholerae.

  • Studi Molecular Docking Senyawa Diterpen Abieten terhadap Enzim Protease Utama (Mpro) Virus Corona

    Hilwan Yuda Teruna, Kamal Rullah, Fajri Khatami
    115-127
    Abstract: 343 | PDF 115-127 (Bahasa Indonesia): 651

    Abstract

    Coronavirus disease or Covid-19 is a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. This disease discovered for the first time in Wuhan, China and has now become a pandemic to the world. This study aims to find compounds that have a potential to inhibit the main protease enzyme (Mpro) of the coronavirus (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 2GTB) through a computational molecular docking modeling approach to abietane diterpenoid derivatives. The molecular docking study was carried out using Autodock4 software and visualized using PyMOL and Discovery Studio. Method validation or redocking showed good accuracy with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) value of 1.85 Å for the 6LU7 enzyme and 1.92 Å for the 2GTB enzyme. The molecular docking study of 3 derivatives of abietane diterpenoid (6-acetyl-7-hydroxyroileanone, 7-hydroxyroileanone and another abieten (CH-6)) showed the binding energy values ​​were -9.07; -8.22 and 7.94 kcal/mol, for enzyme 2GTB showed the binding energy values were -9.54; -9.14; -8.26 kcal/mol. These results indicate the 6-acetyl-7-hydroxyroileanone and 7-hydroxyroileanone compounds have a stronger affinity for the main protease enzyme (Mpro) and the main peptidase enzyme compared to the original ligand which have binding energy of -7.38 and -7.97 kcal/mol. In addition, the type of hydrogen bond in 6-acetyl7-hydroxyroileanone has 6 bonds which are the same as the hydrophilic bond in the native ligand. This research predicted that the 6-acetyl7-hydroxyroileanone compound can be used as an inhibitor of the Covid-19 main protease enzyme (Mpro) and main peptidase enzyme SARS-CoV that has strained previously.

  • Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 95% Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata. L) terhadap Bakteri Shigella disenteriae

    Ade Irma Fitrianingsih, Rauhul Akbar Kurniawan, Ulfa Ersa Putri
    128-133
    Abstract: 277 | PDF 128-133 (Bahasa Indonesia): 357

    Abstract

    Indonesia is a tropical country, so the prevalence of infectious diseases caused by bacteria is still high. On the other hand, the intense use of antibacterials in Indonesia causes a tendency to develop bacterial resistance to existing antibacterial drugs. One of the bacterial species that causes infection is Shigella dysenteriae. Chromolaena odorata L is a plant that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine whether the ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata L has antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae bacteria. Chromolaena odorata L ethanol extract was prepared by maceration method using 95% ethanol extractor solution. The research was conducted by well diffusion method. The results showed the presence of inhibition in bacteria indicated by the average results of measurements of each concentration, namely: 25% (23.6 mm), 50% (25.5 mm), 75% (27.6 mm) and 100% (29 ,3mm). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Chromolaena odorata L  have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae.

  • Faktor Resiko Kejadian Peningkatan Kadar Transminase Pada Penggunaan Obat Antituberkulosis Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru di RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto

    Alya Andina Dasuki, Annisa Farida Muti, Hany Yusmaini
    134-144
    Abstract: 372 | PDF 134-144 (Bahasa Indonesia): 762

    Abstract

    Most of the tuberculosis cases reported in Indonesia were in provinces with high population density, including Central Java. The combination of first-line antituberculosis drugs including pyrazinamide, isoniazide and rifampicin has the potential to cause hepatotoxicity as indicated by an increase in transaminase levels. Incidence of elevated transaminase levels leading to drug resistance and treatment failure. Early detection of elevated transaminase levels by antituberculosis drugs is important by studying predisposing risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of increased levels of transaminases due to the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto. This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 80 samples were selected by random sampling. Data collection is done by viewing and recording the patient's medical record. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test and Logistic Regression test. The results of the bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant relationship between old age (p = 0,000), female gender (p = 0.035), malnutrition (0,000), length of treatment (p = 0.026) and a history of taking other drugs. (p = 0.008). The most influential factor was the elderly (OR = 8.815) on the incidence of elevated transaminase levels; followed by nutrition status (OR=6,478).

  • Antibacterial and Antiviral Activity of Eucalyptus oil: A Systematic Review

    Pretty Falena Atmanda Kambira, Merry Liliana, Laurentine Belinda Arfenda, Sherleen Marcella
    145-154
    Abstract: 1909 | PDF 145-154: 779

    Abstract

    Eucalyptus sp. is a family member of Myrtaceae, and its oil has been used commercially in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical preparation. The fame of Eucalyptus oil rose during the COVID-19 pandemic because several claims have antiviral activity against the coronavirus. Nevertheless, this claim is not scientifically proven and could lead to misinformation among the public. Eucalyptus oil is known to have antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, to what extent its effectiveness is has yet to be discovered. Therefore, this study aims to assess eucalyptus oil's antibacterial and antiviral activity using the Cochrane systematic review. The studies included in the systematic review were retrieved from the PubMed and Science Direct databases. The search query was ("Eucalyptus oil" OR "Eucalyptol") AND ("Antibacterial" OR "Antiviral" OR "MIC"). There are 114 articles identified from the search strategies, and additional 4 articles were found from citation research. After the removal of duplication, 83 articles remained. However, 61 articles were excluded because they did not report the antimicrobial activity of eucalyptus oil. Twenty-two articles were screened for full-text, and 61 were excluded because it does not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, 16  articles were included in this systematic review.  Eucalyptus oil has an antibacterial and antiviral activity that depends on its chemical composition and microbial strains. Therefore, make it a prominent candidate as an antimicrobial and disinfectant compound. However, future clinical study about its mechanism of action is needed.

  • Metronidazole Tablet Menyebabkan Perubahan Warna Urine: Laporan Kasus

    Sherly Tandi Arrang
    155-158
    Abstract: 464 | PDF 155-158 (Bahasa Indonesia): 2938

    Abstract

    Cases of urine discoloration after the use of metronidazole are still rarely found or reported. A female patient (38 years old) experienced vaginal discharge and was given metronidazole therapy. Urine color of the patient was to be reddish in few hours after taking metronidazole tablet . Correlation between metronidazole tablet and urine discoloration was review by Naranjo scale.  Based on the assessment of adverse drug reaction probability scale (Naranjo Scale) that consists of 10 questions, total score for this report was seven (7) or probable, which means that metronidazole associated with reddish urine. Urine discoloration to be darken or reddish due to pigmentation by metabolites of metronidazole.  Metronidazole associated dark urine/reddish urine and urine color -return to normal after the medicine is stopped.

  • Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Ananas comosus (L) Merr. terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur

    Melzi Octaviani, Delvian Fikrani, Emma Susanti
    159-165
    Abstract: 311 | PDF 159-165 (Bahasa Indonesia): 597

    Abstract

    The fruit rinds of pineapple is part of pineapple fruit (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) which is usually not used. The phytochemical screening results from extract ethanol of skin pineapple, included flavonoids, alkaloids phenolics, steroids and saponins that can inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research is to know the antifungal activity of ethanol extract pineapple skin against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Malassezia furfur. The study was performed using disc diffusion method with the varyation concentrations of ethanol extract from the pineapple skin of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% w/v, respectively and the positive control is nystatin and negative control is DMSO. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed on the ethanol extract test of the skin pineapple against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Malassezia furfur at a concentration of 25% was 22.73 mm and 24.90 mm, respectively. This indicated that the extract etanol of skin pineapple has antifungal activity

  • Immunoregulation of Multiple Sclerosis by Helminth Therapy: A Literature Review

    Editha Renesteen
    166-175
    Abstract: 211 | PDF 166-175: 267

    Abstract

    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is characterized by the recruitment of T cells into the CNS, leading to demyelination and axonal damage. Currently, there are limited options for MS therapy, thus researchers start to use helminths therapy as a new therapeutic agent. Helminths are promising organisms to treat autoimmune diseases like MS by interfering the host’s immune responses. Several helminths, including Trichinella spiralis, Trichuis suis, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are under investigation in animal models for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). Furthermore, Trichuis suis, Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma mansoni are being examined in patients. This review outlines basic insight of MS, immunoregulation mechanisms induced by helminths, current helminths therapy for MS as well as helminths therapy for MS application in the future.

  • Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Pemberian Informasi Obat Swamedikasi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Tuah Madani Kota Pekanbaru, Indonesia

    Septi Muharni, Eci Marlina, Rahayu Utami, Fina Aryani, Mustika Furi
    176-185
    Abstract: 207 | PDF 176-185 (Bahasa Indonesia): 494

    Abstract

    Self-medication is an effort that is mostly made by the community in using drugs purchased without a doctor's prescription to overcome complaints. A study shows an increase in the number of self-medication seeking worldwide since the COVID-19 pandemic was announced and this would be indicative of increasing interest in self-medication worldwide. The provision of drug information has an important role in improving the quality of life of patients and providing quality services for patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the public's perception of the provision of information on self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tuah Madani District, Pekanbaru city. This research is a quantitative descriptive observational research on 100 community samples who meet the inclusion criteria by taking purposive sampling. The assessment of public perception includes 5 (five) service dimensions, namely reliability, responsiveness, empathy, assurance and tangibles. The results of the study showed that public perceptions were 75.20% reliability, 74.0% responsiveness, 83.33% empathy, 80.12% assurance, and tangible facilities 82 ,9% with the average result of all aspects obtained as much as 79.11% with good category. These results can be concluded that the people of the Tuah Madani District of Pekanbaru City have a good perception of the services they receive during the COVID-19 pandemic.

  • Aktivitas Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) sebagai Herbal Anti Hiperglikemia pada Kondisi Diabetes Melitus: Literature Review AKTIVITAS BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L.) SEBAGAI HERBAL ANTI HIPERGLIKEMIA PADA KONDISI DIABETES MELITUS: LITERATURE REVIEW

    Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma, Yuli Yuli Maesaroh
    186-193
    Abstract: 645 | PDF 186-193 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1966

    Abstract

    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to effects on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Oral antidiabetic is one of the therapeutic options to control blood glucose although its use has the potential for side effects and is very detrimental, especially in long-term use. Complementary therapies made from herbs such as bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) are potential aspects to be alternative therapies because of the potential for lower side effects and affordable costs. This study describes the activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) as an antihyperglycemic agent. This type of research is a literature review which is described descriptively. The literature search method uses international and national journals conducted by online and identified using electronic databases from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The data collection process uses the PICO (Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcome) approach. The results of this study showed that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) contains antidiabetic compounds including charantin and polypeptide-p. Bitter gourd, both in extract and non-extract form and in single or in combination, has been shown to reduce blood glucose levels, increase insulin sensitivity and levels, normalize HbA1c levels, improve lipid profiles and reduce oxidative stress. The conclusion of this study is that bitter melon has the potential as an antihyperglycemic herb in diabetic conditions.

  • Aplikasi Pengembangan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada Analisis Simultan Isoniazid (INH) dan Vitamin B6 di dalam Sediaan Tablet

    Lisda Rimayani Nasution, Muchlisyam, Effendy De Lux Putra
    194-202
    Abstract: 1115 | PDF 194-202 (Bahasa Indonesia): 2652

    Abstract

    Primary antituberculosis as the standard therapy of tuberculosis are often used in combination dosage form. It’s used to obtain effectiveness treatment and prevent the emergence of resistance. One form of this combination is a combination of INH and vitamin B6. This combination aims to prevent the side effects of INH, namely peripheral neuritis. The combination could give problems in quality control. The aims of this research is to develop a spectrophotometric method by mean centering of ratio spectra to analysis simultaneous isoniazid and vitamin B6 in tablet dosage form without prior separation. Research carried out by development of spectrophotometric method to applied determining the levels of isoniazid and vitamin B6 in tablet by mean centering of ratio spectra. Then, tested its validity based on linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The results showed that applications mean centering of ratio spectra technique on assay of isoniazid and vitamin B6, have successfully applied to analyze pharmaceutical formula simultaneously with no interference from excipients as indicated by all validation parameters were within the acceptable range.

  • Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life with Patient Chronic Kidney Disease

    Fajriansyah Fajriansyah, Mujriah, Zulfahmidah
    203-207
    Abstract: 130 | PDF 203-207: 150

    Abstract

    Measuring the quality of life can be used as a reference for the success of an action or therapy as well as initial data in formulating the right action for the patient. This study aims to provide an overview of the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure who seek treatment at the Hasanuddin University hospital. The research design used was an observational cross-sectional design with data collection carried out by filling out a questionnaire prospectively. The subjects of the study were chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis who met the inclusion criteria and were selected using a non-random sampling technique by means of total sampling. The patient's quality of life was measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™) Indonesian version 1.3 questionnaire. A total of 30 patients were willing to participate in this study. The results of the study on 30 patients with chronic renal failure, there were 7 out of 19 scale/item having a not good, namely burden of kidney disease, work status, sleep, physical functioning, role-physical, pain, and general health. The average value of 19 scale/item shows an average score of> 59.37, which is 63.86 which belongs to the good quality of life category.