Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

View Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

JFI Online Volume 16 Nomor 1, Januari 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v16i1
Published: 31-01-2024

Articles

  • Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) terhadap Inflamasi dan Disfungsi Endotel

    Marita Kaniawati, Agus Sulaeman, Aulia Nurfazri, Elis Susilawati, Millata Auliyaa, Floriana Maia de Fatima Freitas
    1-7
    Abstract: 538 | PDF 1-7 (Bahasa Indonesia): 657

    Abstract

    Obesitas dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pembesaran dan penambahan jumlah sel adiposa dalam tubuh serta penurunan kadar adiponektin. Adiponektin merupakan salah satu sitokin antiinflamasi. Obesitas juga berhubungan dengan disfungsi endotel vaskular, yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya ketersediaan nitrit oksida (NO), sebagai akibat dari adanya peningkatan produksi stress oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari ekstrak etanol bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) terhadap kadar adiponektin dan kadar NO serum pada model hewan obes yang diinduksi fruktosa. Metode penelitian disusun dengan Post Test Only Control Group Design menggunakan hewan uji tikus jantan Galur Wistar selama 60 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok normal (diet normal), kelompok induksi (diet normal + fruktosa 60%), kelompok pembanding (diet normal + fruktosa 60% + orlistat), dan 3 kelompok uji (diet normal + fruktosa 60% + esktrak etanol bunga rosella 125 mg/kgBB, 250 mg/kgBB dan 500 mg/kgBB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga rosella memiliki efek menurunkan bobot badan dan meningkatkan kadar adiponektin dan NO serum. Sebagai kesimpulan ekstrak etanol bunga rosella dengan dosis 250 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan kadar adiponektin dan dosis 500 mg/kgBB merupakan dosis terbaik dalam memperbaiki disfungsi endotel.

  • Formulasi-Evaluasi Mie Gluten-free dengan Kombinasi Tepung Sagu, Tepung Porang, Tepung Garut Menggunakan Metode Ekstrusi

    Rahmat Santoso, Mohammad Isronijaya, Sonia Bella Cantika
    8-16
    Abstract: 341 | PDF 8-16 (Bahasa Indonesia): 553

    Abstract

    Indonesia menempati peringkat kedua sebagai negara yang menggemari mie instant dengan 14,260 juta porsi, yang mengakibatkan menurunnya devisa negara karena bahan baku yang berupa tepung impor dan juga meningkatnya penderita penyakit metabolisme. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan membuat mie gluten-free yang lebih menguntungkan dari bahan baku indigenous Indonesia : tepung sagu, tepung porang, dan tepung garut, menggunakan metode ekstrusi yang bekerja dengan memberikan tekanan dan dorongan sehingga akan menghasilkan bentuk yang diinginkan, serta dikemas dalam kemasan ramah lingkungan, yang sesuai Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Dalam penelitian ini dibuat lima formula mie kering (F1-F5) dengan sustitusi tepung sagu, tepung porang dan tepung Garut dengan mie yang dihasilkan berwarna putih sampai kecoklatan, rasa khas telur dengan tekstur yang kenyal. Dari hasil tersebut kemudian dilakukan uji evaluasi berupa cooking time, elongasi, susut pengeringan dan uji kesukaan panelis dengan pengolahan data hasil pengujian dengan analisis statistik SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil uji, dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode ekstrusi (teknologi ekstruder) dapat digunakan untuk membuat mie gluten-free yang dikemas dengan kemasan biodegradable dengan formula F4 merupakan formula terbaik.

  • Efektivitas Biaya Penyuluhan Pada Pasien Hipertensi Melalui Media Online dan Offline di Beberapa Puskesmas

    Desy Natalia Siahaan, Eva Sartika Dasopang, Cinta Rosandra
    17-27
    Abstract: 311 | PDF 17-27 (Bahasa Indonesia): 260

    Abstract

    Hipertensi ditandai dengan nilai sistolik ≥140mmHg dan diastolik ≥90mmHg. Penggobatan penyakit ini memerlukan jangka waktu yang panjang sehingga pasien perlu selalu diberikan edukasi, dan salah satu pendekatan yang paling efektif untuk memberikan edukasi terkait pengobatan dengan melakukan penyuluhan kesehan. Penyuluhan kesehatan tersebut dapat dilakukan secara offline dan online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisa efektifitas biaya penyuluhan pada pasien hipertensi melalui media online dan offline. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan melihat efektivitas biaya yang paling baik antara media online dan media offline terkait pengetahuan dan sikap pasien hipertensi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-test dan post-test. Sampel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat perbedaan antara pre-test dan post-test pada penyuluhan secara online dan offline dengan nilai Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) <0,05. Penyuluhan yang diberikan melalui media online lebih efektif dengan nilai ACER Rp 2,99 pada variabel pengetahuan dan Rp 6,34 pada variabel sikap. Sedangkan nilai ICER secara berturut untuk pengetahuan dan sikap yaitu Rp 2,04 dan Rp 2,15. Penyuluhan melalui media online lebih efektif dari sisi pengetahuan.

  • Penyesuaian Dosis dan Potensi Interaksi Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih dengan Penyakit Ginjal Kronis

    Nisa Maria, Larasati Arrum Kusumawardani, Dinar Syifa Ulya Rinaldi, Hindun Wilda Risni
    28-39
    Abstract: 1015 | PDF 28-39 (Bahasa Indonesia): 806

    Abstract

    Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi yang dapat memperburuk kondisi pasien dengan penyakit komorbid seperti Penyakit Ginjal Kronis (PGK). Pasien ISK dengan PGK yang dirawat inap umumnya mendapatkan terapi antibiotik. Namun, penggunaannya berpotensi menimbulkan Masalah Terkait Obat (MTO) karena adanya risiko nefrotoksisitas pada beberapa antibiotik, gangguan terhadap farmakokinetik obat, dan banyaknya peresepan obat pada pasien PGK. Studi cross-sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian dosis dan potensi interaksi obat pada pasien ISK dengan PGK rawat inap pada salah satu RSUD di DKI Jakarta. Sejumlah 78 sampel penelitian diperoleh menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data sekunder pasien meliputi resep, rekam medis, dan hasil laboratorium pasien periode tahun 2018-2022 diambil secara retrospektif. Analisis MTO menunjukkan bahwa 13 pasien (17,1%) menerima dosis antibiotik tidak sesuai dan 34 pasien (43,6%) mengalami potensi interaksi obat. Uji statistik menggunakan Chi-square menunjukkan bahwa ketidaksesuaian dosis antibiotik lebih sering ditemukan pada kelompok PGK stage 4-5 (p= 0,041; OR=4,744) dan lama rawat inap >6 hari (p= 0,032; OR= 5,067) serta kejadian potensi interaksi obat antibiotik lebih banyak dialami oleh pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan (p= 0,007; OR= 4,667), PGK stage 4-5 (p= 0,024; OR=3,208), jumlah riwayat komorbid selain PGK >2 (p= 0,046; OR= 2,827), dan jumlah obat >10 (p= 0,031; OR= 3,061). RSUD tersebut sudah menerapkan praktik pemberian antibiotik pasien ISK-PGK dengan baik namun dapat ditingkatkan lagi dengan melakukan pemantauan obat dan pasien secara ketat, terutama terkait penyesuaian dosis dan potensi interaksi obat antibiotik.

  • Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Bedah Orthopedi Kategori Highly Recommended di IBS RSUP Prof.Dr.R.D. Kandou Manado

    Heedy Tjitrosantoso, Randy Tampa, Amelia J Sumual
    40-46
    Abstract: 365 | PDF 40-46 (Bahasa Indonesia): 453

    Abstract

    Surgical Wound Infection is an infection that occurs in the incision site or area due to an operation or surgery obtained after surgery. The risk of this infection can be reduced by administering prophylactic antibiotics. The administration of prophylactic antibiotics is aimed at reducing and preventing surgical wound infections, inhibiting the emergence of resistance, reducing patient morbidity and mortality, and minimizing health care costs. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics in the Highly Recommended category of surgical procedures has been shown to be effective. This study aims to evaluate the use of prophylactic antibiotics in orthopedic surgery patients in the Highly Recommended category at the Central Surgery Installation (IBS) Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital. This research is an observational study. Data were obtained retrospectively by tracing the medical records of orthopedic surgery patients in the Highly Recommended category for the period March – July 2023 using a purposive sampling method which was then analyzed descriptively using the General Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics 2011 from the Ministry of Health and the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery 2013. From the results of the research conducted, data were obtained from 71 patients who used prophylactic antibiotics in 6 surgical procedures orthopedic category Highly Recommended. The most commonly performed surgical procedure was open reduction internal fixation (69.01%). From the results of the evaluation of the use of prophylactic antibiotics, 54 (76.06%) types of antibiotics were obtained, 54 (76.06%) doses of antibiotics, 71 (100%) routes of administration, 71 (100%) time of administration and duration giving 71 (100%). Overall, the use of prophylactic antibiotics is not fully in accordance with applicable guidelines, especially in the selection of types and doses of prophylactic antibiotics.

  • Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes Secara In Vitro

    Elsa Trinovita, Friskilla Andia Fiska, Natalia Sri Martani
    47-58
    Abstract: 474 | PDF 47-58 (Bahasa Indonesia): 543

    Abstract

    Impetigo merupakan penyakit yang sering menyerang anak-anak yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Meningkatnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik merupakan peluang besar untuk memanfaatkan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada tanaman di Indonesia khususnya yang tumbuh di Kalimantan Tengah yaitu daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack). Daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, fenolik, saponin, tanin, steroid dan triterpenoid yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri sediaan gel ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes. Proses ekstraksi daun sungkai dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Beberapa kelompok perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah kelompok gel daun sungkai 2%(F1), 4%(F2), 8%(F3), kelompok positif (Mupirocin 2%) dan kelompok negatif (Na-CMC 1%). Lalu dilakukan uji evaluasi sifat fisik sediaan gel meliputi uji organoleptis, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, dan daya lekat. Evaluasi pada aktivitas antibakteri pada Streptococcus pyogenes menggunakan metode sumuran dengan mengukur diameter pada zona hambatHasil penelitian ini menunjukkan seluruh kelompok formulasi sediaan gel ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) memenuhi syarat uji evaluasi sifat. Kelompok F3 (konsentrasi 8%) menunjukklan aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter zona hambat terbesar yaitu rata-rata zona hambat dengan diameter 19,18 mm. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sediaan gel ekstrak daun sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus pyogenes.

  • Kesesuaian Peresepan Obat Rawat Jalan BPJS Kesehatan dengan Formularium Nasional di Rumah Sakit Bekasi

    Febbyasi Megawaty Rangka, Ayu Purnama Sari Susilo, Yohana Inge Sugiarti, Alfonsia Purnamasari
    59-65
    Abstract: 466 | PDF 59-65 (Bahasa Indonesia): 627

    Abstract

    Prescriptions for patients of the Health Social Security Organizing Agency (BPJS) in hospitals in accordance with the National Formulary (FORNAS) guidelines regulate drugs that must be given to patients according to complaints. The benefits of FORNAS optimize the quality of pharmaceutical services, especially to BPJS Kesehatan social security patients. Hospital X Bekasi is a type C private hospital located in Bekasi, West Java as an Advanced Referral Health Facility (FKRTL) prescribing services for chronic diseases with outpatient polyclinic services with a 30-day limit according to restriction requirements or indications Many prescriptions are not in accordance with FORNAS and drugs that have not been registered in FORNAS so that their administration is based on the policies of the Medical Committee and the hospital director at the expense of the hospital. The aim of the study was to determine the percentage of prescribing conformity that was not in accordance with FORNAS at Hospital X Bekasi from January to March 2021. Non-experimental research method with a descriptive approach conducted retrospectively on a population of 6,891 specialist polyclinic outpatient prescription sheets from January to March 2021. The number of samples based on the calculation of the slovin formula is 400 prescription sheets. Inclusion criteria were outpatient specialist polyclinic prescriptions with BPJS Health coverage and exclusion criteria were outpatient prescription sheets for non-chronic diseases. The suitability of drug prescription to FORNAS at X Bekasi Hospital was 84,5 % of the total prescriptions. Prescription concordance in specialist clinics was highest at 100% cardiac clinic, 97.5% urology clinic, 95% pulmonary clinic, 91.25% internal medicine clinic and lowest at 38.75% neurology clinic.. The most common drug found not in accordance with FORNAS was Mecobalamin 500 mg in urology polyclinic 100%, internal medicine polyclinic 42.86%, neurology polyclinic 28.57% and lung polyclinic 25%. The mismatch of prescription writing based on FORNAS causes an inefficient reduction in INA-CBGs costs affecting long LOS and increasing the total real cost of patients. Suggestions need to socialize to doctors to write prescriptions in accordance with FORNAS and conduct periodic evaluations of prescribing discrepancies

     

  • Pemanfaatan Pati Sagu Pregelatinasi Taut Silang Fosfat sebagai Matriks Tablet Lepas Lambat Natrium Diklofenak

    Roisah Nawatila, Annisa Mahdia Wati, Jyestha Varasvasti, Frea Widia Aulia, Christina Avanti
    66-79
    Abstract: 352 | PDF 66-79 (Bahasa Indonesia): 463

    Abstract

    Sustained release tablets include any drug delivery system that achieves slow release of drug over an extended period. Diclofenac sodium has a relatively short biological half-life (1-2 hours), it can be formulated into a sustained release tablet. Sago starch has the potential to be developed as a matrix for sustained release tablets. The aim of this study was to utilize sago starch which has been modified using pregelatinizing and phosphate cross linked techniques (PSTF), to be developed into a diclofenac sodium sustained release matrix. In this study, PSTF was prepared at concentration of 20% (F2); 22,5% (F3); 25% (F4); 27,5% (F5); 30% (F6); 32,5% (F7). In addition, HPMC as a synthetic hydrophilic matrix was used as reference formula (F1) at 20%. The method used in this study was wet granulation. Tablets that were produced were then tested for physical quality and drug release (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 hours). The results of the physical quality tablet showed that all formulas met specifications, although F1 had the lowest hardness (4,15 Kp+0,63). The results of drug release profile of F1 showed that 3,05% of drug was released during first 1 hours, while 54,07% drug was released within initial 5 hours, and the remaining 45% of the drug was released in remaining 5 hours. In addition, the drug release of F2-F7 at the 1 hours was 89,69%; 56,01%; 85,96%; 65,67%; 68,71%; 85,73%, respectively. It can be concluded that PSTF has not provided a sustained release pattern of drug.

  • Knowledge, Attitude, and Compliance with Hypertension Patients at The Manggis I Karangasem Health Centre

    Leny Oktayanti, I Gusti Ayu Rai Widowati, I Ketut Tunas, Ni Putu Wintariani
    80-88
    Abstract: 250 | PDF 80-88: 208

    Abstract

    High blood pressure or hypertension is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risk of heart, brain, kidney, and other organ diseases. Most people with hypertension do not show specific symptoms and remain in good condition to perform routine activities. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and compliance of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Puskesmas Manggis I Karangasem from March to May 2023 using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.0. A total of 120 respondents participated (100% response rate). Most of respondents were >65 years old (37.5%); male (61.7%); had secondary education (65.8%); not working (28.3%); had grade 1 hypertension (70.8%), and had no comorbidities (80.8%). Patient knowledge was categorized as good (109 [90.8%]), attitude was positive (75 [62.5%]), and medication compliance was high (79 [65.9%]). The results of the chi-square test showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and compliance (p-value=0.002), and there was a significant relationship between attitude and compliance (p-value=0.006). Knowledge and attitudes of hypertensive patients must continue to be improved so that patients comply to their medication therapy. Pharmacists are advised to conduct counseling on lifestyle, dietary patterns, and information related to complications in hypertensive patients.

  • Persepsi Pengguna Rokok Elektrik Laki-laki Usia 15 Tahun Keatas Terkait Penyakit Paru

    Dwi Titus Indriyawati, Evi Martha
    89-99
    Abstract: 366 | PDF 89-99 (Bahasa Indonesia): 558

    Abstract

    E-cigarettes are used to reduce addiction to tobacco cigarettes and become a transition to get out of the habit of smoking tobacco. There has been an increase in smoking in the age group of adolescents, students, and college students. Qualitative research methods use primary data with data collection, namely in-depth interviews. Informants are e-cigarette users who are over 15 years old and have used e-cigarettes for at least 3 months. Data analysis used thematic analysis. The view of smoking behavior was that smoking was started because of the influence of friends and curiosity. There is influence from the social environment, family, and peers to smoke. Views and awareness in the use of electric cigarettes on health. Information about the dangers of electric cigarettes is obtained through the internet, cigarette packages, or information from friends. The severity of lung disease is felt such as coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue when exercising. Barriers to quitting smoking are still feeling comfortable, cheap, easy access to buying, no one recommends quitting smoking, not knowing the negative effects of e-cigarettes. From this research, it was concluded that of the 6 selected informants who used e-cigarettes, the perception of the dangers of e-cigarettes on lung health was still low.

  • Reaksi Merugikan Obat Kanker Berbasis Antrasiklin pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di RS Kanker Dharmais

    Dian Fitri Chairunnisa, Yahdiana Harahap, Nadia Farhanah Syafhan, Denni Joko Purwanto
    100-107
    Abstract: 245 | PDF 100-107 (Bahasa Indonesia): 396

    Abstract

    Breast cancer is the type of cancer that most often affects women worldwide. Doxorubicin is an anthracycline class, a first-line anticancer therapy with clinical activity in breast cancer. Doxorubicin can cause cardiotoxic effects due to the formation of doxorubicinol as its primary metabolite. Adverse drug reactions also vary depending on the chemotherapy regimen. This study aimed to determine the adverse reactions to anthracycline-based drugs that breast cancer patients often experience. This observational descriptive study was conducted from April to July 2022 at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta. The sample in this study was breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with anthracycline-based regimens. Data were collected through interviews and observation of medical records, which were analyzed by univariate analysis. The results showed that the most frequent drug reaction was alopecia, with a percentage of 97.1%. They were followed by nausea at 85.7%, vomiting at 71.4% and pain at 65.7%. The fastest time for nausea to appear is within 18-24 hours (peak days 2 to 3) after chemotherapy. Did not experience a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by 34.3%, and 65.7% experienced a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction after doxorubicin chemotherapy. Patients who underwent a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction after doxorubicin chemotherapy had a decrease in ejection fraction <10%, and no patients experienced a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction >10%. Breast cancer patients who receive anthracycline-based treatment can experience adverse drug reactions, including nausea, vomiting, alopecia, pain and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction.

  • Antimicrobial Resistance: Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness in the Bali Locals Community -

    Ni Luh Putu Sastrani Dewi, I Gusti Ayu Rai Widowati, Made Karma Maha Wirajaya, Ni Made Maharianingsih
    108-113
    Abstract: 202 | PDF 108-113: 190

    Abstract

    Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) concerns may arise as a result of improper antibiotic use. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which has been identified by the WHO as one of the most serious threats to public health, can be worsened by a lack of public understanding of proper antibiotic use. The objective of this research was to find out the level of community knowledge, attitudes, and awareness about AMR. A validated questionnaire was adopted to conduct purposeful interviews with locals of Kerobokan Kaja Village during February and March 2023 to conduct the cross[1]sectional survey. There were 110 total responses (100% response rate). Most respondents (37 [33.3%]) are between the ages of 18 and 27; 56 [50.9%] are women; and 78 [70.9%] have completed secondary school.; (41 [37.3%]) work as private employees; and received minimum wages (41 [37.3%]). The findings indicated that more than half of the population (70 [63.3%]) had adequate knowledge regarding the use of antibiotics, adequate attitudes (64 [58.2%]), and fair awareness of AMR (63 [57.3%]). The results of the Spearman's Rank test reveal a moderately strong correlation between knowledge and AMR awareness (Sig.2-tailed=0.000; p-value