Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

View Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

JFI Online Volume 13 Nomor 1, Januari 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v13i1
Published: 31-01-2021

Articles

  • Amikasin: Profil Penggunaan pada Pasien Dewasa Rawat Inap di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta berdasarkan Fungsi Ginjal

    Esti Dyah Utami, Ika Puspitasari, Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie, Endang Lukitaningsih, Andaru Dahesihdewi
    1-12
    Abstract: 388 | PDF 1-12 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1699

    Abstract

    Amikacin is used for serious infection treatment, with a nephrotoxicity incidence of 3-13%. More than 90% of amikacin is excreted through the renal in unchanged form, thus accumulation may occur in renal dysfunction. This research is aimed to determine the amikacin usage profiles based on the patient’s renal function and evaluate the association between a renal function with hospital discharge conditions and length of stay (LOS). This research was conducted by collecting the medical record data of adult inpatients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital treated with amikacin in 2020. A Chi-Square test was used to determine the proportion differences between 2 groups of patients with different renal functions, and the relationship of renal function with discharge condition and LOS. The majority of 78 subjects had normal renal function, with a diagnosis of mixed infection. Amikacin was used as definitive therapy, as an antibiotic combination, with a median dosage of 14.3mg/kgBW/day, 12 hours interval, and 5 days duration. Results showed that the CrCl, infection type, comorbid, amikacin intervals and duration had significantly different proportions (p<0.05) between patients with normal renal function and those with renal dysfunction. Renal function was positively associated with the patient’s discharge condition, but not with LOS.

  • Preventive Health Behaviors pada Caregiver Pasien Lansia dan Hubungannya dengan Kepatuhan Pengobatan di Sulawesi Selatan

    A. Anggriani, Fita Rahmawati, Izyan Abdul Wahab
    13-18
    Abstract: 192 | PDF 13-18 (Bahasa Indonesia): 240

    Abstract

    Elderly patients (geriatrics) with various clinical problems arise due to the degenerative process of carrying out personal activities that require assistance from other people called caregivers. A caregiver, in addition to helping with the individual actions of geriatric patients, also plays a full role in the healing process if the patient experiences clinical problems. This can result in caregivers having a mental burden that must be considered so that the care process for elderly patients can run smoothly. This study was conducted to identify aspects of individual caregivers' mastery and examine the method of treating geriatric patients, especially in adherence to medication use. This study used a cross sectional design involving 131 respondents. Data was collected through interviews with caregivers of elderly patients who received health services at the South Sulawesi Health Center. The Pearlin Mastery Score questionnaire instrument was used to measure the mastery of individual caregivers, and the pill counting method was used to determine the level of patient compliance. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Spearman-rho to determine the relationship between emotional attachment and adherence with geriatric patients. The analysis results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.417**, namely, the level of association between dynamic control variables on the level of compliance of geriatric patients was 0.417 or a moderate correlation with the relationship between variables in the direction and feasible significant (p<0.05). Therefore, to increase the level of satisfaction of geriatrics to meet the needs of geriatrics

  • Analisis Komponen Minyak Atsiri Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin) Lokal Pekanbaru Menggunakan GC-MS

    Hilwan Yuda Teruna, Wiwit Nur Rahayu
    19-24
    Abstract: 497 | PDF 19-24 (Bahasa Indonesia): 2640

    Abstract

    Pogostemon cablin or nilam Aceh is a patchouli oil producer plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia because the quality of the essential oil produced is better than other types of Pogostemon. The purpose of this study was to extract the local patchouli oil of Pekanbaru and compare its chemical components with standard patchouli oil. The quality of the patchouli essential oil of local Pekanbaru was also analyzed based on the chemical components. The extraction method used in this research was hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. Volatile oil vapor evaporated together with water vapor and passed through the condenser. The oil was characterized by its components by GC-MS. The results found that the concentration of patchouli alcohol was 31.13%, along with other compounds such as α-patchoulene, β-patchoulene, seychellene, α-bulnensene, and cyclosativene. The difference of patchouli oil of P. cablin grown in Pekanbaru with the standard patchouli oil was that the concentration of patchouli alcohol in the local patchouli oil of Pekanbaru was high with no α-guaiene, there was a cyclosativene instead. Based on this, the local patchouli oil of Pekanbaru has a fairly good quality and has the potential to be developed further.

  • Tinjauan Pustaka Bentuk Sediaan Tabir Surya Bahan Alam, Keamanan dan Efektivitas Tabir Surya

    Putriana Rachmawati, Reynelda Juliani Sagala, Pretty Falena Atmanda Kambira
    25-39
    Abstract: 1008 | PDF 25-39 (Bahasa Indonesia): 7306

    Abstract

    The Indonesian government recommended sunbathing for 15 to 30 minutes in the morning to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. Exposure to sunlight will activate the formation of vitamin D, which the body needs for defense against Covid-19 infection. However, excessive sun exposure will cause skin problems, including psoriasis, sarcoidosis, sunburn to skin cancer. One of the protections against sun exposure is the use of sunscreen. Sunscreen protects the skin from UV exposure by two mechanisms, namely, absorbing UV rays or reflecting UV rays. Currently, many sunscreens are developed with active substances derived from nature in various dosage forms. Sunscreen protection is stated using a photoprotector claim in the form of an SPF value or other supporting claims. This SPF value can be claimed using in vivo test, which previously could be predicted by on paper and in vitro approaches. Sunscreen safety is carried out by ensuring that the raw materials used comply with the requirements and penetration tests.

  • Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Rambai (Sonneratia caseolaris (L) Engl) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis

    Tiya Fitriani, Siti Nashihah
    40-53
    Abstract: 530 | PDF 40-53 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1220

    Abstract

    Currently there are many anti-acne preparations on the market but not a few of these drugs give side effects to the user. The need for alternatives from nature that can act as antibacterial in the treatment of acne that has a smaller risk of side effects. This study aims to determine the inhibition of ethanol extract of rambai leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris (L) Engl) against acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extraction was carried out by the UAE method and a yield of 9.21% was obtained. Phytochemical screening obtained positive results containing flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins and phenol compounds. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using the well diffusion method with 4 different concentrations of 15%, 25%, 50% and 75% with positive control of clindamycin 0.03% and negative control of DMSO 1%. The results of antibacterial activity testing on Propionibacterium acnes bacteria obtained inhibition zone diameters of 3.3 mm; 4.43 mm; 6.48 mm; and 8.45 mm, respectively, while on Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria 11.08 mm; 12.27 mm; 15.38 mm; and 16.78 mm, respectively. The results of the One Way ANOVA statistical test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05) which indicates that the treatment of each group is significantly different.

  • Optimasi Penggunaan Antimikroba bagi Pasien Sepsis Berdasarkan Karakteristik Farmakokinetik dan Farmakodinamik Obat: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur

    Yovita Diane Titiesari, Fany Febriani
    54-61
    Abstract: 1001 | PDF 54-61 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1511

    Abstract

    Sepsis is one of a leading cause of death globally, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is prominent to improve survival rate of septic patient. The pathophysiology of sepsis alongside with the use of therapeutic intervention such as renal replacement therapy could alter pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of certain antimicrobials, thus will lead to subtherapeutic dose and treatment failure. This literature review will study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of antimicrobials and its changes in septic patient and to apply this knowledge to optimise the dose of commonly used agents such as beta-lactams, vancomycin, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones, tigecycline, and antifungals, to improve patient’s safety

  • Brine Shrimp Lethality Test on Aqueous Extract of Caesalpinia Sappan L.

    Nathasya Angelia Satya, Dhigna Luthfiyani Citra Pradana, Abdul Kolib, Citra Ayu Aprilia
    62-67
    Abstract: 215 | PDF 62-67: 511

    Abstract

    Caesalpinia sappan L. is a plant in the Fabaceae family and has long been used as a medicinal plant. The wood of this plant contains active compounds including brazilin, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. The purpose of this study was to find out the lethal concentration (LC50) in the aqueous extract of C. sappan wood using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). LC50 is the concentration value of the compound that causes up to 50% death in larvae of Artemia salina. This study used four concentration treatments of 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 100 ppm, and 50 ppm, and negative control repeated three times. Each concentration and the control negative used 10 A. salina larvae. The larval mortality was observed after 24 hours of treatment. An LC50 value of 322.54 ppm indicates an aqueous extract of C. sappan. Therefore, it was moderately toxic in this category.

  • Miotoksisitas Statin: Kajian Stres Oksidatif

    Zulfahmidah, Imran Safei, Fajriansyah
    68-73
    Abstract: 306 | PDF 68-73 (Bahasa Indonesia): 515

    Abstract

    Statins are a family of drugs used to treat hyperlipidemia with a recognized capacity to prevent disease occurrence. Widespread use of statins is limited by the presence of associated toxicity or intolerance, which affects the level of drug monitoring. Statin toxicity or intolerance varies from 10-15%. Statin-associated muscle symptoms are the most common statin toxicity (SAMS). In this review, we aim to report on the mechanism of action of statins causing the muscle symptoms of SAMS. The results showed that statins cause mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress. The mechanism of oxidative stress due to statins is due to the inhibition of ubiquinone protein, activation of iNOS, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. the data reported as a whole may suggest that statins have a major effect on mitochondrial function related to oxidative stress

  • Effect of Flyers on Knowledge and Adherence to Medication of Hypertensive Patients

    Husnawati; Reni Zulfitri, Fina Aryani, Septi Muharni, Fitra Ramadhan
    74-80
    Abstract: 205 | PDF 74-80: 170

    Abstract

    Knowledge and adherence to taking medication in patients with hypertension is very important because knowing and adhering in taking antihypertensive drugs can control the blood pressure of people with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving flyers on knowledge and adherence to taking medication for hypertensive patients. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method, with a non-randomized control group pretest and posttest design which was carried out on 96 respondents with purposive sampling technique. Collecting data for knowledge using the knowledge questionnaire, and adherence using the MMAS-8 scale. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study on hypertensive patients showed that giving flyers had a significant effect on knowledge with a p value = 0.000 and on patient adherence with a p value = 0.000.

  • Formulation of Silver Nanoparticles Liquid Hand Wash with Polyvinyl Alcohol as Stabilizer Sabun Cair Perak Nanopartikel

    Sutriyo, Sharon Hanandi, Kurnia Sari Setio Putri, Okti Nadia Poetri, Syifa Annisa, Ratika Rahmasari
    81-94
    Abstract: 421 | PDF 81-94 (Bahasa Indonesia): 735

    Abstract

    According to Global Burden of Disease reported on 2019, about 1.53 million deaths caused by infectious diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea. Triclosan is one of the active ingredient commonly used in antibacterial soap as one way to prevent the spread of infectious disease.. However, bacteria resistance against triclosan has been reported. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is an alternative antibacterial that potential to be used in liquid hand wash. However AgNp tend to aggregate during storage, thus stabilizer is needed This study aims to synthesize AgNP, formulate the liquid hand wash contain AgNP with polyvinil alcohol as stabilizer, and evaluate its effectiveness against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella thypi. AgNP was prepared using the chemical reduction method between silver nitrate and sodium borohydride, followed by its characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, TEM, PSA, and AAS. The physical characteristic of AgNp-liquid hand wash were also evaluated. Further, the antibacterial activity of AgNP-handwash was evaluated by phenol coefficient method. The peak of UV absorption spectrum of colloidal was found at 404.2 nm indicated the presence of AgNP. Ag content in AgNP colloidal was 38.405 mg/Kg ± 0,008. The spherical shape of AgNP was observed. The AgNP size was 65.1 nm with polydispersity index value of 0.543, and zeta potential value was -22.25 mV. The obtained AgNP-hand wash met the Indonesian standard criteria and was stable for 28 days. The best phenol coefficient value was obtained at formulation with addition of 30% AgNP (0.1 for S. typhi, 0.4 for E. coli, and 0.01 for S. aureus).

  • Kadar Flavonoid Total dan Uji In Vitro Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Kulit Batang Tuntun Angin (Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume)

    Rahayu Utami, Ikhsan Mauludi Alpasiri, Haiyul Fadhli, Ihsan Ikhtiarudin, Enda Mora, Mustika Furi
    95-101
    Abstract: 323 | PDF 95-101 (Bahasa Indonesia): 468

    Abstract

    The stembark of tuntun angin (Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume) has been traditionally using to treat various diseases, including fever, gingivitis and rheumatism. Our previous study has shown that stembark extract of this plant contains significant levels of total phenolics. The aim of this recent study was to determine total flavonoid content and providing an initial determination of sunscreen activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of its stembark. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using three different solvents successively. The quantitative evaluation of total flavonoid content was expressed as mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/gram extract at a wavelength of 430 nm using a microplate reader. Evaluation of sunscreen activity was performed by determining value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts contained total flavonoid levels of 9; 15.81 and 15.56 mgQE/g extract, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract showed the most potential sunscreen activity (ultraprotection category) among other extracts with SPF values of 44.626; 40,687; 33.710 and 23.607 for the tested concentrations of 1000; 800; 600 and 400 µg/mL, respectively. However, this activity is not as good as benzophenone-3 as positive control at a concentration of 50 μg/mL with an SPF value of 22.646 demonstrated an ultraprotection category of sunscreen activity.

  • Cytotoxicity Assay of Dètente Instantanée Côntrolée Pre-Dried Pandanus conoideus Lam. Extracts

    Oeke Yunita, Indrajati Kohar, Karim Allaf, Aris Sri Anggara
    102-110
    Abstract: 137 | PDF 102-110: 131

    Abstract

    Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) contains antioxidant compounds in high levels, including beta-carotene and tocopherol, which neutralize free radical compounds which can cause cancer. Red fruit contains 46% water so red fruit can only last 5 days in this condition. To maintain its stability, it is necessary to dry it with various methods, for example détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) is a revolutionary pressure drop drying procedure. Every procedure for drying raw material can affect its quality and activity, for example the anticancer activity of red fruit. In-vitro cytotoxicity of DIC pre-dried red fruit extracts on HeLa cells has never been tested, so it is important to study. Red fruit which was obtained from Klamono, Sorong, a highland in Papua was extracted with ethanol or hexane which previously dried by DIC pre-drying or conventional drying methods were weighed then dissolved in DMSO. Cytotoxicity assays was conducted using method the MTT with five levels of extract concentration. Result of this research showed that cytotoxicity assay of red fruit extracts on HeLa cells showed that red fruit extract can inhibit cell viability. The conventionally dried red fruit extract shows stronger cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than the DIC pre-dried extract. Red fruit extract cytotoxicity against HeLa cells: ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying technique > ethanolic extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by conventional drying method > hexane extract of red fruit previously dried by DIC pre-drying process.