Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

The control of the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by the effective acceptance of vaccines. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the willingness of the public to receive the complete dose of COVID-19 vaccine in the city of Makassar. A cross-sectional research approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, perceptions of the severity and vulnerability to COVID-19, as well as barriers and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, which were distributed online in Makassar City. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors influencing the intention of the public to receive the full dose (two doses) of the vaccine. A total of 310 respondents participated in this study. Respondents who perceived a high level of disease severity (aOR= 3.39; 95% CI: 1.41 – 8.14) had a higher likelihood of receiving full COVID-19 vaccination, while respondents with a perception of high access barriers to vaccination had a lower likelihood of receiving full COVID-19 vaccination (aOR= 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07 – 0.45). In this study, the intention to accept full COVID-19 vaccination was influenced by perceptions of disease severity and perceived access barriers to vaccination. The implementation of the COVID-19 immunization program by healthcare providers and local governments should incorporate various vaccination education strategies tailored to patients' health beliefs.

Telepharmacy is one of pharmaceutical service that is currently growing and widely used by community and healthcare facility in the digital era. To ensure the quality, it should meet the dimensions of healthcare service quality. According to WHO, the dimensions of healthcare service quality include effective, efficient, timely, people-centered, equitable, and safe. However, instruments to assess the quality of telepharmacy services are still very limited. This study aims to develop a PTFKP questionnaire to evaluate the quality of telepharmacy services based on WHO quality health services from the perspective of patient satisfaction. Content validation was conducted in two stages by three experts consisting of academicians and community pharmacists. Face validity, construct validity, and reliability testing were conducted on 30 respondents who met the criteria of being over 18 years old and having used telepharmacy services in the last 2 years. Content validity testing showed an I-CVI value of 0.71 (first round) and 1.00 (second round). In construct validity testing using the CITC (corrected item-total correlation) method, 10 questions did not meet the requirements initially. After revision, the r value for each question met the criteria, ranging from r= 0.378-0.857 (r_table = 0.361). Reliability testing using the internal consistency method showed a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.805-0.900 for each dimension of service quality. The number of valid and reliable questions was 5 for each dimension of effective, efficient, people-centered, and safe, and 4 for each dimension of timely and equity. The questionnaire meets the validity and reliability requirements to be used.

Acute diarrhea remains a major problem causing the second highest mortality rate for children in Indonesia. One of the therapies used for acute diarrhea with infection is the administration of antibiotics. If the use of antibiotics is not rational, it will cause high side effects, longer patient treatment, affecting the high cost of hospitals and decreasing the quality of hospital services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between antibiotic use and treatment duration in order to reduce irrationality and shorten treatment duration in hospitals. The research method used is qualitative research with a correlation study design, with retrospective data collection from January to December 2022. Medical record data of patients, including the type of antibiotic and length of treatment for acute diarrhea in children with bacterial infections in the inpatient ward of RSUD dr. Soedirman, were used as research material. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Gamma correlation test using SPSS version 20. The results of this study showed that almost all patients (100%) received antibiotics and Ceftriaxone (54.29%) was the most prescribed antibiotic, both in single and combination forms. The longest treatment duration for acute diarrhea in children with antibiotics was 4 to 5 days (58.57%). The Gamma correlation test showed that the use of antibiotics and treatment duration had a significance value of 0.000 (<0.005). The use of antibiotics given to children with acute diarrhea has a significant relationship with treatment duration at RSUD dr. Soedirman.

Inflammation is a normal response to injury, which is characterized by protein and fluid leakage from blood vessels, causing pain and swelling. This study was conducted to determine the in vitro protein denaturation inhibition activity of roselle calyx extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Roselle flowers were extracted in stages by maceration with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. The comparator used was diclofenac sodium. Several concentration series of extracts and comparators were prepared, and protein denaturation inhibition experiments on bovine serum albumin (BSA) were conducted. The parameters measured were the inhibition value of protein denaturation at each concentration and the value of 50% inhibition (IC₅₀). The results of the study indicated that n-hexane extract, roselle calyx ethyl acetate, and roselle calyx ethanol (96%) could inhibit protein denaturation. Roselle calyx n-hexane extract exhibited an IC₅₀ 46.6748g/mL, ethyl acetate extract exhibited an IC₅₀ 225.8391g/mL, and 96% ethanol extract exhibited an IC₅₀ 191.5105g/mL, whereas diclofenac sodium exhibited an IC₅₀ 8.5437g/mL. The conclusion revealed that roselle calyx extracts in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol display potentials as anti-inflammatory potential agents by inhibiting protein denaturation.

High fructose intake can cause metabolic disturbances leading to the onset of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study will present some of the effects of fructose consumption. This study aims to model the animal test by giving 60% fructose to insulin resistance. The research method used 8 male white rats of Wistar strain which were grouped into 2 groups, namely normal group and 60% fructose group. Parameters observed on body weight, blood glucose levels, Insulin Tolerance Test Constant (ITTC), adiponectin levels and TNF-α levels and adipose tissue histology. The results showed that the administration of 60% fructose for 60 days showed a difference for blood glucose levels starting on days 30-60, ITTC values of the fructose group were smaller than the normal group, adiponectin levels of the fructose group were smaller than the normal group, while TNF-α levels of the fructose group were greater than the normal group and there was an enlargement of the diameter of white adipose tissue and a reduction in brown adipose in the fructose group, but there was no difference in body weight. It can be concluded that the administration of 60% fructose for 60 days can be used as modeling of insulin resistance test animals.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of kidney damage lasting more than 3 months, resulting in both structural and functional impairment. According to Riskesdas data from 2018, the number of CKD patients aged ≥15 years in Indonesia increased from 0.2% in 2013 to 0.38%. CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy in outpatient settings generally receive more than one type of medication (polypharmacy), which can increase the risk of drug interactions. This study aims to determine the relationship between polypharmacy and the potential for antihypertensive drug interactions in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at RSUD Sleman Yogyakarta in 2022. The study used a retrospective observational analytic design with purposive sampling technique, involving 107 outpatient samples who met the inclusion criteria. Drug interactions were analyzed using a website-based tool from drugs.com, and the data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. The study results showed that the majority of CKD patients undergoing outpatient hemodialysis were aged 45–54 years (34.57%), male (57.00%), had comorbid conditions (86.91%), used single antihypertensive drugs (53.27%), and used less than 5 types of drugs (61.68%). Of the total patients, 57.94% experienced drug interactions, with a moderate severity level (90.37%) and a pharmacodynamic interaction mechanism (73.33%). The conclusion of this study indicates a significant relationship between polypharmacy and the potential for drug interactions (p=0.001).

An electronic prescription is a request for medication from a doctor for a patient by utilising software technology to the pharmacy. Prescription services have Hospital Minimum Service Standards (MSS), namely waiting time for non-recipe drugs ≤ 30 minutes and concise drugs ≤ 60 minutes. SPM waiting time at Hospital X Tangerang City for non-recipe drugs ≤ 8 minutes and compounded drugs ≤ 30 minutes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the waiting time for electronic prescription drugs and the factors that influence it. Prospective descriptive research method with sampling data using random sampling technique on electronic prescriptions of outpatients for the period April - May 2022. The total population of January 2022 prescriptions was 750 sheets and the sample calculation using the Slovin formula was 261 prescription sheets.   The results of the study of waiting time for non-recipe drugs totalling 213 prescription sheets with a time ≤ 8 minutes were 87 prescription sheets (40.85%), while 48 prescription sheets with a time ≤ 30 minutes were 19 prescription sheets (39.58%). The factor that led to the non-achievement of the SPM for waiting time for drugs was the stage of taking non-recombinant drugs (average 3.11 minutes).

Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that affects thoughts, perceptions, emotions, movements, and behaviors, leading to peculiar and dependent behavior. Patients with schizophrenia may be more likely to adhere to their drug regimens if their families know and support them. This study aims to ascertain how family awareness and medication adherence relate to schizophrenia patients at Mutiara Sukma Mental Hospital's outpatient unit in 2023. The study used a cross-sectional strategy and a correlational research design. It was carried out in March 2023, involved 112 relatives of schizophrenia patients, and was chosen using selective sampling. The results showed that families of patients had good knowledge (38.4%), moderate knowledge (39.3%), and poor knowledge (22.3%). Among the patients, 72.3% were adherent to medication, while 27.7% were non-adherent. The statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between family knowledge and medication adherence of schizophrenia patients (p=0.000, p<0.05).