Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

View Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

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JFI Online Volume 14 Nomor 1, Januari 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35617/jfionline.v14i1
Published: 31-01-2022

Articles

  • Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Nanas dan Mangga yang Memiliki Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Inhibisi Tirosinase

    Krismayadi Krismayadi, Shelly Taurhesia, Siti Umrah Noor
    1-9
    Abstract: 577 | PDF 1-9 (Bahasa Indonesia): 583

    Abstract

    The peel of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) contain polyphenolics that have antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitor. Both of these activities are useful for skin lightening treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activity of each pineapple peel extract (EKBN) and mango peel extract (EKBM), and their combination with a ratio of 2:1; 1:1; 1:2. The combination that gives the best value for antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitor may be made for cosmetic preparations. The antioxidant activity of each extract and its combination was determined by the DPPH method, after the antioxidant IC50 value was obtained, then the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity was tested. The results showed that EKBN; EKBM; the combination of EKBN and EKBM with a ratio of 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 has antioxidant activity with IC50 values: 618.42 ppm, 10.29 ppm, 30.73 ppm, 20.20 ppm and 18.04 ppm, has tyroinase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 5,019.98 ppm, 930.85 ppm, 1.992.31 ppm, 2.070.89 ppm and 2.839.75 ppm, respectively. There is a correlation between the IC50 of the combined extract and its weight. the combination of EKBN and EKBM, 1:2 gave the best antioxidant activity results with an IC50 value of 18.04 ppm (very strong) and the combination of EKBN and EKBM, 2:1 gave tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of tyrosinase 1.992.31 ppm. The combination of EKBN and EKBM, 1:2 may be developed further as cosmetic preparations such as serum, liquid spray, and others.

  • Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Daging Buah Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) pada Tikus Putih yang Diinduksi Karagenan

    Amran Nur, Ermalyanti Fiskia; Ismail Rahman
    10-16
    Abstract: 570 | PDF 10-16 (Bahasa Indonesia): 863

    Abstract

    Inflammation is a defence reaction of the body to eliminate factors that can damage and then rebuild the body's homeostasis. Synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are known to cause many side effects. Therefore, the research for new drugs from nature is carried out, generally sourced from natural ingredients. One of the natural ingredients that has potential as an anti-inflammatory is nutmeg fruit (Myristica fragrans Houtt.). This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of nutmeg fruit ethanol extract (EDBP) in carrageenan-induced paw edema models in Wistar albino rats. This study is an experimental study using 30 Wistar albino rats that were randomly divided into six treatment groups which included a negative control group (Sodium CMC), a positive control group (diclofenac sodium 0.9mg/200gBW of rats), and three levels of ethanol extract of nutmeg flesh: 2.5mg/200gBW, 5mg/200gBW and 7.5mg/200gBW administered orally. One hour after the treatment, the rats were injected with 0.1 ml Carrageenan 1% sub plantar. The edema volume was measured with a plethysmometer every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by comparing the percentage of inflammatory protection. The data were then analysed using one-way ANOVA to compare the anti-inflammatory activity between the treatment and the control groups. The results showed that EDBP 2.5mg, 5mg, and 7.5mg gave significantly different effects compared to the control group (p<0.05), where EDBP 7.5 mg showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity.

  • Analisis Efektivitas Biaya pada Pasien Covid-19 yang Menggunakan Terapi Oksigen dengan dan Tanpa Diberikan Remdesivir di RSUD Kabupaten Tangerang

    Yusransyah Yusransyah, Baha Udin, Mursyid Abdillah , Yudi Murdianto, Elisabeth Soraya Uli, Nana Suryana
    17-24
    Abstract: 509 | PDF 17-24 (Bahasa Indonesia): 510

    Abstract

    COVID-19 is a contagious disease, so there is a potential for an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. If there is an increase in incidence or prevalence, it will cause problems related to the costs and outcomes of an intervention. Therefore, a cost-effectiveness analysis is needed. This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 patients who use oxygen therapy with and without being given remdesivir. This study uses a cost-effectiveness analysis method that takes into account the ACER (Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) and ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) values. The data used is retrospective data and sampling is done by purposive sampling, the sample obtained in this study amounted to 34 cases. The results of this study showed that the total average direct medical costs of the remdesivir group were Rp. 32,399,532 with an effectiveness of 47%, while in the non-remdesivir group the total average direct medical costs were Rp. 26,853,729 with an effectiveness of 41%. The ACER value obtained in this study was Rp. 688,490 in the remdesivir group and Rp. 654,969 in the non-remdesivir group. The results of the ICER calculation in this study were Rp. 924,301 per day of hospitalization. In this study, it can be concluded that the therapy group of COVID-19 patients who use oxygen therapy without being given remdesivir is more cost-effective than the therapy group of COVID-19 patients who use oxygen therapy with remdesivir.

  • Hubungan Sosiodemografi dengan Hasil Klinis Pasien Covid-19 di RSUD Bengkulu

    Stefanus Lukas, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Yufri Aldi, Fatma Sri Wahyuni, Fransisca Gloria, Michael Michael, Agung Aji Wahyudi, Lita Tri Astari
    25-31
    Abstract: 232 | PDF 25-31 (Bahasa Indonesia): 180

    Abstract

    Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has a shape and behavior resembling the SARS virus. The national mortality percentage is 4.23, which is above the national average. The purpose of the study was to determine what factors were associated with the deaths of Covid-19 patients at the Bengkulu Government Hospital. With the aim of knowing the sociodemographic relationship with the clinical outcomes of Covid-19 patients in Bengkulu. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in this study. This study only involved patients with confirmed Covid-19, with a total sample of 127 patients who were hospitalized during April, May, and June 2021. + oseltamivir + vitamins as treatment. The outcome of Covid-19 infection had several significant correlation factors: age (0.0001), occupation (0.0001) and comorbidities (0.0001). In conclusion, the worst clinical outcomes were mostly found in patients with diabetes and those who were over 50 years old.

  • Persepsi Mahasiswa Farmasi, Keperawatan, Kesehatan Masyarakat, Gizi dan Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap Interprofessional Education (IPE)

    Vitis Vini Fera Ratna Utami, Satibi Satibi, Susi Ari Kristina, Yayi Suryo Prabandari
    32-40
    Abstract: 533 | PDF 32-40 (Bahasa Indonesia): 455

    Abstract

    The implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) is a key strategy to produce professionals who have the ability to collaborate with other professions or interprofessional collaboration (IPC) such as in pharmacy and other health sciences. The ability to collaborate between professions is important due to the changing role of pharmacists and increasingly integrated health services. Before implementing IPE, it is necessary to do an analysis of student perceptions of IPE and whether there are differences in the perceptions of students from different majors as a basis for developing IPE implementation. This research is a descriptive-analytical study conducted in a cross-sectional nature, in Faculty of Health Sciences (Fikes). The sampling technique used was a total sampling of 383 respondents, in 4th semester students, with respondent distribution in pharmacy majors (n=92), nursing majors (n=88), public health majors (n=95), nutrition majors (n=66) and majoring in physical education (n=42). The questionnaire used is the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) questionnaire. Then the total score was calculated based on the results of the questionnaire and continued with the Kruskal Wallis Test to find out the difference in scores between majors. Students in all majors have a good perception of IPE. The Nursing Department has the highest score (86.73% of the total score) and the Physical Education Department has the lowest score (83.61% of the total score). This shows that students in all majors have a positive perception of IPE. Based on the item questioner analysis, the point about being a professional who is reliable and can also be relied upon by other team members is something that needs to be improved. These two things need to be considered when applying IPE to learning activities.

  • Uji Aktivitas Analgesik Tablet Asam 4-(Klorometil)Salisilat pada Mencit Putih dengan Metode Writhing Test dan Hotplate

    Angela Tiffany, Meidelin Ribka Abiati, Kuncoro Foe, Yudy Tjahjono, Caroline, Senny Yesery Esar, Wuryanto Hadinugroho
    41-50
    Abstract: 739 | PDF 41-50 (Bahasa Indonesia): 573

    Abstract

    Acetylsalicylic acid is an analgesic drug that still popularly used. However, acetylsalicylic acid may result undesirable side effect of gastrointestinal as it can cause gastric ulcer to bleeding. Previous research has succeeded synthesizing new compound derived from salicylic acid, namely 4-(chloromethyl)salicylic acid which has the potential to reduce its side effects with a better pharmacological effects than acetylsalicylic acid. In its development, the formulation of the compound in tablet dosage form has been carried out. However, until now there has not been a pharmacological test to determine whether it still provides a greater effect than acetylsalicylic acid after being formulated. This study is to test the analgesic activity of 4-(chloromethyl)salicylic acid tablets in albino mice using writhing test and hotplate methods. Analgesic activity test using the hotplate method was carried out on albino mice which given the suspension of the tablet sample and the observations were made in a periodic of time. Analgesic activity test using writhing test method was carried out in 0.6% acetic acid-induced albino mice, where the suspension of the tablet was administered 30 minutes before administration of acetic acid. Analgesic activity was assessed by counting the number of writhings, and the results were statistically compared with one-way ANOVA. Tests were also performed on acetylsalicylic acid as a positive control and suspension as a negative control group.  There were significant differences (P<0.05) of the analgesic activity observed among groups. Both methods show that 4-(chloromethyl)salicylic acid tablets provide stronger analgesic activity than acetylsalicylic acid.

  • Hubungan Sosiodemografi dan Penyakit Penyerta Terhadap Nilai D-Dimer Pasien Covid-19

    Michael Michael, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Silvy Hartuti
    51-56
    Abstract: 217 | PDF 51-56 (Bahasa Indonesia): 181

    Abstract

    D-dimer is a degradation of soluble fibrin which is the result of systematic degradation of vascular thrombus through a fibrinolytic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to look at sociodemographic factors and other diseases that affect the d-dimer value of COVID-19 patients. This study uses a retrospective cohort method with the collection of sampling is convenience sampling. There were 137 patients who met the study criteria. Age, BMI, blood pressure and respiration rate are sociodemographics that affect the D-dimer lab value. For comorbidities that affect the D-dimer lab value, there are CKD, anemia, hypertension and heart disease. A high D-dimer value also has a significant relationship with the severity of the COVID-19 infection. In addition, patients who died were found to have high D-dimer values. By this research, patients with high age, BMI, blood pressure and respiration rate can increase patient mortality and for comorbidities that have an important role in increasing mortality in Covid-19 patients are CKD, anemia, hypertension and heart disease.

  • Evaluasi Interaksi Obat-obat pada Pasien Dewasa di Apotek Pesisir Surabaya

    Ana Khusnul Faizah
    57-62
    Abstract: 664 | PDF 57-62 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1052

    Abstract

    The pharmacist's responsibility is to prevent, find, and give solutions to drug interactions received by patients. Drug interactions could increase the effectiveness of therapy but can also have undesirable effects on toxicity. This study aimed to examine the potential drug-drug interactions in the prescriptions of adult patients at the Surabaya coastal pharmacy. This study was conducted with a retrospective method for three months at five pharmacies in the coastal area of Surabaya. We obtained 249 prescriptions and identified 85 (34%) that have potential drug-drug interactions. Among the 153 identified pDDIs, 0.7%, 18.3% and 35.5% were contraindicated, major and moderate severity types, respectively. Based on the mechanical action of drug interactions, 130 (84.9%) are identified by pharmacokinetics, 21 (13.7%) pharmacodynamics, and 2 (1.3%) unknowns. The pharmacist's role in providing safe, effective, and rational drug therapy can be done by either identifying drug interactions or preventing and minimizing the negative effect of drug interactions

  • Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Ethanol Buah Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach

    Dona Suzana, Isnani Handayanti
    63-70
    Abstract: 382 | PDF 63-70 (Bahasa Indonesia): 515

    Abstract

    Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death in the world. One of the therapies given to cancer patients is chemotherapy, which has cytotoxic effects. One of the plants that has the same effect is berenuk or calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) plant, from the family of Bignoniaceae. This plant contains napthoquinone as one of its cytotoxic chemical compounds and other secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. The objective of this study is to determine the cytotoxic activity of an ethanolic extract of the fruit of berenuk on Artemia salina Leach larvae. The BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method was used for this study. The powder of berenuk fruit flesh was extracted using ethanol. The obtained solvent was evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract. The extract was tested on A. salina larvae that had been prepared and the value of mortality was observed. The result of a cytotoxic activity test of an ethanolic extract of berenuk fruit on A. salina larvae had a LC50 value of 529.386 ppm, which is categorized as toxic.

  • Evaluasi Pengobatan yang Diterima Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia

    Diana Laila Ramatillah, Dwi Yunisa Dinli, Mairo Hamid Ipadeola, Rabima Rabima, Ida Paulina, Ahmad Rofii
    71-78
    Abstract: 276 | PDF 71-78 (Bahasa Indonesia): 257

    Abstract

    Children with special needs (ABK) are children with different characteristics from children in general who have significant abnormalities (mental-intellectual, physical, social and emotional). This study aims to evaluate the treatment received by children with special needs in South Sumatra. This is a cross-sectional survey conducted among students at SLB South Sumatra using a self-administered questionnaire. The sampling technique was done by convenience sampling. From the results of this study, it is known that there are 53 males and 43 females. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the treatment received by children with special needs, namely DHA (Omega-3) + Vitamin B Complex as many as 20 people (37%) by 20% was influenced by most of those who took medication at the age of 11-15 years. There is a significant relationship between treatment and intelligence level which is indicated by a p-value of 0.02, which shows that 7 people (7%) are good and 89 people (93%). It is also known that there is a significant relationship between comorbidities and treatment, which is indicated by significant p-value (P < 0.001), 35 people (37%), and 61 people (63%). DHA (Omega-3) is the most widely given supplement to students with special needs at the age of 11-15, and only a few students receive depakote (Divalproex Sodium) and multivitamins including Vitamin A, B complex and Vitamin C with an average moderate level of intelligence. This is influenced by comorbidities such as epilepsy.

  • Evaluasi Rasionalitas Terapi Antibiotik Pada Faringitis Akut di Puskesmas Kota Denpasar

    Ida Ayu Manik Partha Sutema, Pande Ni Nuhung Sukmantari, Dhiancinantyan Windidaca Brata Putri
    79-86
    Abstract: 917 | PDF 79-86 (Bahasa Indonesia): 1083

    Abstract

    Pharyngitis is an inflammatory disease of the throat caused by viruses (70-90%) and bacteria (10-30%), and one of the diseases that is ranked third in the pattern of the 10 most common diseases in Puskesmas 2017. Appropriate therapy in pharyngitis is still lacking, where antibiotic therapy is still very high in children. This study was conducted to determine the rationality of antibiotic therapy in acute pharyngitis based on the centor score and to see the description of the suitability of the dose, indication, time of administration, frequency of administration and the presence of drug side effects. The design of this study used descriptive analysis with a cross-sectional retrospective method. Data collection was carried out by collecting samples derived from secondary data by observing pharyngitis patient medical record data at the Denpasar City Health Center in February - April 2022. The inclusion criteria of this study were complete and readable medical records in children aged 3-14 years. Results showed that giving antibiotics based on suitability for centor criteria showed that 70.22% of cases in this study were still not giving antibiotics correctly based on the score obtained. Based on the appropriateness of the use of antibiotics seen from the criteria for dosage, indication, time of administration, frequency of administration and warning of drug side effects, the results obtained were as many as (39.40%) doses that were inappropriate because the dose received was lower than the dose stated in the literature, the duration of antibiotic administration 86.36% of patients who did not use the right antibiotic, and all patients had the right frequency of using antibiotics and none experienced drug side effects. The rationality of giving antibiotics for pharyngitis is still not in accordance with the Puskesmas guidelines using centor criteria. Suggestions need to be evaluated against the use of antibiotics in pharyngitis in an effort to reduce the use of antibiotics in accordance with centor criteria.

  • Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Diare Pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Panambungan Makassar

    Nurfachanti Fattah, Zulfahmidah Zulfahmidah, Sidrah Darma, Febie Irsandy Syahruddin, Sri Intan Akmal Bakri
    87-96
    Abstract: 372 | PDF 87-96 (Bahasa Indonesia): 609

    Abstract

    Diarrhea is a bowel disorder characterized by defecation more than 3 times a day with the consistency of liquid stools may be accompanied by blood. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 stated that diarrheal disease is the main cause of child mortality and morbidity in the world. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the incidence of diarrhea in children under five in the work area of ​​the Panambungan Health Center Makassar City in 2021. Method in this type of research was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional type of research, with a sample size of 91 mothers under five with purposive sampling technique. The results of chi-square analysis were that there was a relationship between the incidence of diarrhea under five and mother's knowledge (p = 0.000), hand washing behavior (p = 0.000) and there was no relationship between the incidence of diarrhea under five and nutritional status (p = 0.174) and water sources net (p=0.269). In conclusion, there is a relationship between the level of mother's knowledge and handwashing behavior with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the working area of ​​the Panambungan Makassar Health Center in 2021.